Secretary Blinken holds a press availability with Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin and NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg, in Brussels, Belgium.

Transcript

Yeah. So, good evening. Welcome to NATO headquarters to this press conference of the Secretary General, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense. They will make short introductory statements and then we’ll be able to take a few questions. Secretary General, Good evening. We have just concluded an important joint meeting of NATO Foreign and Defense Ministers. Secretary of State, Tony Blinken and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin have joined us here in Brussels, so Tony and Lloyd. I’m very grateful for your personal strong commitment to NATO to our transatlantic bomb. Your presence here today is a continued demonstration of the importance of the transatlantic bond and the United States commitment to consulting with its NATO allies. Today, we decided together on the future or presence in Afghanistan. We have been in Afghanistan for almost 20 years After we invoked Article five of our founding treaty for the first time in support of the United States Of the terrific 9 11 terrorist attacks. Standing shoulder to shoulder. We have paid a high price in both blood and treasure. Thousands of troops from allied and many partner nations and from Afghanistan have paid the ultimate price. Many more have been wounded. We are grateful to all who have served, and we honor all those who have sacrificed so much for our shared security. Together, we are prevented Afghanistan from serving as a safe haven for terrorists attack against our own countries. Since 9 11, there have been no terrorist attacks on allied soil organized from Afghanistan. We have also helped to build the Afghan security forces from scratch with great bravery and professionalism. They have provided security across the country over the last years and in the almost two decades of international military presence, we have help the Afghan people achieve social progress. Over a year ago, we welcomed the US Taliban Agreement and the U. S. Afghanistan Joint Declaration. Since then, we have gradually reduced our troop presence as part of the peace process. Currently we have Around 10,000 troops in Afghanistan, the majority from non-U.S. Allies and partner countries. We have been closely consulting on our presence in Afghanistan over the last weeks and months. In the light of the U. S. Decision to withdraw. Foreign and defense ministers of NATO discussed the way forward today and decided That we will start the withdrawal of NATO risk to support mission forces by May one our drawdown will be orderly, coordinated and deliberate. We plan to complete the withdrawal down for all our troops within a few months. Any Taliban attacks on our troops during this period will be met with a forceful response. We went into Afghanistan together, we have adjusted our posture together and we are united in leaving together. This is not an easy decision and it entails risks. As I’ve said for many months, we face a dilemma because the alternative to living in an orderly fashion is to be prepared for a long term open ended military commitment with potentially more NATO troops. This is not the end of our relationship with Afghanistan, but rather the start of a new chapter chapter. NATO allies and partners will continue to stand with the Afghan people. But it’s now for the Afghan people to build a sustainable peace that puts an end to violence, safeguards the human rights of all afghans, particularly women, Children and minorities, oppose the rule of law and ensures that Afghanistan never gain serves as a safe haven for terrorists. Today. NATO ministers also addressed Russia’s military build up in and around Ukraine. This is the biggest massing of Russian troops since the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014. And it’s a part of a broader pattern of Russian aggressive actions which raises very serious concerns. Allies fully support Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and we call on Russia to de escalate, immediately stop a pattern of aggressive provocations and respect its international commitments. Today’s meeting, it’s an important demonstration, our unity and in this complex and more competitive world. We must continue to strengthen NATO to face the full range of challenges, not just yesterday, but today and tomorrow. So Tony and Lloyd. It’s great to be here together with you and please hand it over to you. Thank you. Yes, thank you so much. Secretary Austin. Good evening everyone. It’s very good to be back here at NATO just a few weeks after my first visit as Secretary of State or particularly for such an important day in the history of our alliance. Um 20 years ago, After the United States was attacked on 9 11. This alliance invoked Article five for the first time in its history, An attack on one is an attack on all Together. We went to Afghanistan to root out al Qaeda and prevent future terrorist attacks from Afghanistan directed at our homelands. Now we will leave Afghanistan together and bring our troops home. President biden just laid out our plan in detail in a speech to the american people and as you heard and his hands just noted, We’ll begin our troop withdrawal by May one and we’ll complete it Before the 20th anniversary Of 9 11. Later this year. After years of saying that we will leave at some point, that time has come the threat from al Qaeda in Afghanistan is significantly degraded. Osama bin laden has been brought to justice. We have achieved our original objective and we don’t believe that maintaining an indefinite troop presence in Afghanistan is in our interests, not for the United States, not for NATO and our allies. The world has changed dramatically over the last 20 years. As you heard, the president say, We have to adjust our strategy to meet the threats of 2021, Not 2001, and take on the challenges that now demand our focus and resources. The United States and our allies will coordinate closely on our next steps. We’ve always said that the secretary general noted that our plan was in together, adjust together, out together and today we began to hammer out what out together looks like we will withdraw our troops responsibly deliberately safely. Let me be clear. Mhm. Even with our troops home, we as an alliance and the United States is a country will continue to invest in and support the Afghan people and their chosen leaders will also remain vigilant against any possibility that the threat of terrorism re emerges in Afghanistan will reorganize our counterterrorism capabilities to stay on top of that. We’ll also hold the Taliban accountable to its commitments to keep Al Qaeda or any terrorist organization from using Afghanistan as a base for attacks against us, will pursue a durable and just political settlement between the government of Afghanistan and the Taliban and will engage other countries that have a major stake in a stable future for Afghanistan and will now have to step up after years of NATO underwriting stability, will continue to support the government of Afghanistan and provide assistance to the Afghan security forces who have fought and continue to fight valiantly and at great cost on behalf of their country. And we’ll keep investing in the well being of the Afghan people. We’ll bring our diplomatic and development resources to bear to protect and build upon the gains that the Afghan people have made in recent years will continue support for the rights of afghan women and girls, minorities, advocating for their meaningful participation in the ongoing negotiations and they’re equal representation throughout society and will maintain significant humanitarian assistance to those in need. In short, bringing our troops home does not mean ending our relationship with Afghanistan or our support for the country. And as you said, this will be the start of a new chapter grounded in diplomacy, just like our relationships with other countries, The future of Afghanistan ultimately is in the hands of the Afghan people where it belongs. But our support our engagement and our determination remain. Let me just also take a moment uh to acknowledge the extraordinary courage and strength of the troops who served in Afghanistan over the past 20 years At its height, the International Security Assistance Force had troops from 50 NATO and partner countries Today. Resolute support has troops from 35 NATO allies and partners. Our service members risk their lives, lost their lives in this effort, but we have succeeded in achieving the objective that we set out to achieve thanks to them and we honor their service and their sacrifice. I also have to say that the United States will never forget the solidarity that our NATO allies have shown every step of the way no country could have achieved what we achieved as an alliance working together and as my friend, Secretary Austin can attest these years in Afghanistan have transformed our troops and our country’s in ways that we will be reflecting and acting on for a long time to come on a separate note, as the Secretary General said, we also spent some time today talking about the deep concern that allies share about Russia and its actions on the borders of Ukraine, The largest concentration of forces there since 2014. And what was striking to me was in the north atlantic council meeting listening to every single ally. All 30 of us express express those concerns uh and a determination to see Russia takes steps to deescalate the tensions that it is creating. Our conversations today here at NATO are just the start of the intensive planning that our countries will do together over the next several months. We are grateful to our allies. We’re grateful to you Mr. Secretary General for your leadership as we undertake this historic transition together. Thank you. Mhm. Okay. Secretary General Stoltenberg, thank you for today’s productive discussions and I’m grateful to be joined by my friend and colleague today, Secretary Blinken tonight. I want to thank our NATO allies and partners for the time that they have afforded us to complete our review and explain the president’s decision to withdraw all us forces from Afghanistan by September 11 2021. And I fully support his decision. Our troops have accomplished the mission that they were sent to Afghanistan to accomplish. And they have much for which to be proud, their services and their sacrifices alongside those of our resolute support and Afghan partners made possible the greatly diminished threat to all of our homelands and homelands from Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. These brave men and women also made possible economic, civil and political progress. And so today the Afghan people police their own streets. They defend their own interest. They elect their own leaders, many of whom are women. They send their Children to school and they own and operate more private enterprises than ever before. There is still too much violence to be sure. And we know the taliban still will seek to reverse some of this progress and that is why we support wholeheartedly the diplomatic efforts ongoing to achieve a negotiated political settlement that the afghan people themselves endorse. But today the president has given us a new mission to responsibly draw down our forces and transition to a new relationship with our Afghan partners. And thanks to the efforts of coalition and ally training, the Afghan security forces are better and more capable of securing their borders and protecting their fellow citizens. And we will continue to support them in those efforts. We will look to continue funding key capabilities such as the Afghan Air Force and Special Mission Wing and we will seek to continue paying salaries for Afghan security forces. We will also work closely with them and with our allies to maintain counterterrorism capabilities in the region sufficient to ensuring Afghanistan cannot become a safe haven for terrorists who threaten our security. Now, I know that thing or two about executing a drawdown or what the military calls retrograde. It is incredibly hard work even in the best of circumstances. But I am confident that our troops and our leaders will accomplish this new mission with the same skill and the same professionalism with which they have done everything else in Afghanistan. They will do it safely, they will do it orderly and they will do it deliberately and they will do it in lockstep with our allies. As you’ve heard a couple of times this evening, we have all said that we went in together, we adjusted together and now we will leave together and I must add that we will respond forcefully should the taliban attack any of our our forces or those of our allies during the straw down. Now, I believe it’s important to remember that the president’s decision also gives us an opportunity to refocus our efforts to deter and if necessary, to defeat future adversaries. And we will do that in no small measure by revitalizing our alliances and partnerships Such as this one and by being ready to meet the challenges that most credibly undermine our international rules based order. And as I’ve said before, The People’s Republic of China is our number one pacing challenge as it seeks to reshape the international order. Likewise, I call on Russia to respect Ukraine’s territorial integrity. We are committed to assisting Ukraine with its self defense needs and in closing, I want to thank all those who served in Afghanistan. I know all too well. The sacrifice that we’ve we’ve all made to get us to this point and to the families and the loved ones of those who did not make it home and for all those forever changed by this war. I pledge our unwavering support for the grief and the challenges that you still endure. We honor you and we honor their memory and we always will. And I believe that the president’s decision proves exactly that. Thank you very much. Thank you. We now have time for a few questions. We’ll start with john Hudson from Washington post in the front row. Thank you very much. Uh Secretary Blinken. The decision to withdraw from Afghanistan has been applauded by war weary americans. But many advocates for getting out have also said the U. S. Must be willing to take in afghan asylum seekers and also interpreters who worked with military personnel who may be imperiled by this decision. Can you commit to that? Secretary Stoltenberg, will you encourage NATO members to take in afghan refugees and asylum seekers? Secretary Austin, I’m told you made a very powerful case for withdrawal in the nac meeting today. Uh did uniformed us military person leaders share your view about this decision to withdrawal in september. I’ll start very quickly and say simply, yes, we have a commitment, especially to those who worked with us who helped us, whether it was our military, our diplomats and we have a a program that I think you’re well aware of that is the so called special immigrant visa program uh that they would be eligible for. And I’m certainly committed uh if uh if there is a demand for it and request for it to move forward on that more more broadly, as I said earlier, the fact that we are removing our forces from Afghanistan does not mean that we’re removing our commitment to Afghanistan and that includes an ongoing commitment to Afghanistan’s development humanitarian assistance, particularly to those in need, as well as support for the Afghan security forces. So, working with our partners, working with our allies, working with the international community, I am convinced you’ll see sustained support for Afghanistan that will help address challenges that Afghans continue to face in their lives. You say that it’s for each and every ally as individual nations to make decisions on asylum. But what I can say is that NATO alliance, together with all the allies, will continue to support the efforts to create a sustainable peace in Afghanistan. And that’s exactly why we uh so strongly supported peace efforts and that’s also the reason why we only have adjusted our force presence in Afghanistan as part of the peace process. So we will continue to provide support to Afghanistan. But people do that not by having thousands of soldiers on the ground in Afghanistan, but through our partnership with Afghanistan with with the support of the peace process. And also of course, working uh to make sure that we maintain the gains were made, not least in the fight against terrorism. Mhm. In terms of the input of our senior military, uh I won’t speak for them. What I can tell you is this was an inclusive process and their voices were heard and their concerns taken into consideration as the president made his decision. But now that the decision has been made, I call upon them to lead their forces to lead their forces through this effort through this transition. And knowing them all very well as I do, I have every confidence that they will in fact lead their forces through this effort from The Wall Street Journal. Thank you very much uh for the secretary General. Uh what proportion if any of your organization’s members expressed some concerns about a U. S. Led withdrawal and what it would mean for Afghanistan either as a possible location for terrorist elements or for the stability of the Afghan government and civil and women’s rights there. And if I may, for Secretary Blinken, What is your response to Iran’s claim that it will move to 60 uranium enrichment? And is that an expected or an appropriate response to the attack on the task that Tehran has has blamed on Israel? Um And then for Secretary Austin question about Russia’s military build up that’s worrying so much of europe today. What response to the US. and its partners have to impose costs on Moscow if it interferes further in Ukraine. Other than the kind of targeted sanctions we’ve seen since 2014. And where those responses discussed this week with NATO and other partners. Thank you. All allies agreed and all allies agreed actually statement. Which agreed at the ministerial meeting today. We clearly state that we now have decided to start the withdrawal of all our NATO troops uh from Afghanistan starting first Domain. And the plan is to finalize that, draw down and withdrawal within a few months. So this is not something we just discussed. This is something actually decided and adopted a joint declaration where we state that clearly and also explain why we made the decision at the same time. I think all of us are aware of that. This is not the easy decision. Uh This is a decision that entails risks uh and also a decision that really acquires that we continue to stay focused on Afghanistan partly to make sure that the withdrawal takes place in a safe and secure and orderly way that we’re sending a very clear message to the Taliban. If that if they start to attack us, we will retaliate and answering a very forceful way, but also to start to work on building a new chapter, a new kind of partnership with Afghanistan. Because there are many ways to support the country. Uh It’s not it’s not the case is that it’s not there are many different ways. The only way to support the country’s not by having thousands of combat troops deployed in the country. We’re working with countries all over the world. We have diplomatic tools, we have economic tools, we have development, we have a mentoring, made all of that is at the disposal of NATO allies and NATO to continue to provide support to Afghanistan. So this is not the end. This is the beginning of a new way of working with Afghanistan. But I think that after 20 years allies so that the time had come to to end our military presence there. And in light of the US decision ally has agreed to the statement with with regard to Iran. We take very seriously it’s provocative announcement of an intent to begin enriching uranium at 60% and the P five plus one should be unified and united in rejecting that. I have to tell you the step calls into question, Iran’s seriousness with regard to the nuclear talks, justice. It underscores the imperative of returning to mutual compliance with the JCPOA. Um the United States and Iran have both stated a common objective of returning to mutual compliance with the JCPOA. We’ve been engaged constructively in a diplomatic process to achieve that goal. In Vienna last week, we explored concrete approaches that we could take the steps that Iran and the United States would take to return to compliance. And I think the United States demonstrated very clearly to the other participants in this effort and to the world. Our seriousness of purpose. It remains to be seen whether Iran has that same seriousness of purpose. But the goal returning to compliance with the JCPOA and the diplomatic process, which is resuming in the end of this week, that remains the best way to limit Iran’s nuclear program in a lasting way to verifiably ensure that Iran cannot produce fissile material for a nuclear weapon on short notice. And we’re committed to pursuing that process. But the real question is whether Iran is, and we’ll find out with regard to the Russian force build up. We remain concerned about what we’re seeing and so we continue to monitor very closely uh the activity there, we continue to consult with our partners. And as you’ve heard us say earlier this evening, we call upon Russia to cease their provocations and to be more transparent about about this recent activity. You’ve also heard us say that we believe that the territorial integrity of Ukraine must be respected. We have provided some material support to Ukraine in the past and will look to continue to do that. Um the national security architecture or team uh will always present our president with a range of options that are focused on employing, you know, that all of the uh the elements of national power that we have available to us when we consider options to present to the President and I’ll just leave it at that go higher up thomas google from franco to L. G minus items. Yes. Thanks a lot. one Question to Secretary Blinken Please. Um in their annual threat assessment that was published just a few days ago. The U. S. Intelligence community said about Afghanistan and I quote, the Taliban is likely to make gains on the battlefield and the Afghan government will struggle to hold the Taliban at bay of the coalition withdraw support unquote. Do you agree with that assessment? How did it play into the decision making on Afghanistan? And what should prevent the Taliban from searching a military solution to the intra afghan conflict? And then a question to Secretary General Stoltenberg. You have been the number one proponent of a conditions based withdrawal and I think tonight is the first time I hear you speaking about Afghanistan without mentioning these famous three conditions to the Taliban President Biden came to the conclusion that this conditions based approach would be a recipe for staying in Afghanistan forever. What do you reply to him tonight? Uh and what do you reply to? What he just said in his speech that basically for the past 10 years, NATO elect clear objectives to justify its mission in Afghanistan. Thank you. With regard to the first question. I think the national Intelligence estimate is a very realistic assessment. Yeah. But it’s important to remember how we we got here and to have that context for what the president decided and where we’re going. As a reminder, we inherited the lowest number of US and partner forces in Afghanistan since the very early days of the war, we inherited an agreement between the United States and the Taliban to draw down all forces, all U. S. Forces in any event by the first and we inherited at best a military stalemate between the Taliban and Afghan forces. That’s the context in which the president undertook a very rigorous review to Secretary Austin’s point. That review included contributions from everyone across our government including of course the intelligence community which provided a a basis upon which the president could start to make judgments. Mm We also had very important inputs from our allies. Um and it was vital to the president that we hear from them, including during consultations here at NATO just a few a few weeks ago. But throughout there was no sugarcoating that would not serve America, it wouldn’t serve our allies. And as the secretary general said, these are these are hard decisions and hard choices. But what emerged from that process from that review was a clear eyed assessment of the best path forward to advance our collective interests and those interests are ending the war In Afghanistan after 20 years by removing our remaining forces. As I said, our commitment to Afghanistan goes well beyond a single number. Um It’s very important to note that we are very focused on advancing what prospects there are for a diplomatic resolution to the conflict. Mhm. Pressing the parties to engage in meaningful negotiations to a political outcome and peaceful settlement. We’re engaging other countries in that effort to take their responsibility for Afghanistan’s future as well. Many other countries have interested and influence with Afghanistan that they have not focused on the last 20 years as we’ve been the ones doing the hard work. So we expect to see that too. And that can have an impact. And finally, uh I would say the Taliban has has a choice to make. They say that they want international recognition, that they want international support. They’re part of Afghanistan’s governance. Of course, there a number of other things that they want, including prisoner releases and delistings and and so forth. And uh, those things will, I think be significantly affected by the path of the Taliban chooses to take going forward. In addition, I think it’s in no one’s interest, including the Taliban’s, to plunge Afghanistan back into a long war, into a civil war that will do terrible damage to the country and everyone. So I think the assessment again is a realistic one. But there are, I think a whole series of incentives and disincentives that will, that will continue to shape what happens. But ultimately, ultimately, yeah, the people of Afghanistan will be the ones to decide their future. We will, we will do everything we can to support efforts toward a peaceful, stable just future. But they’re the ones who have to decide it. Or last month, my main message has been that after the signing of the deal between the United States and the Taliban uh last year January last year, we all have faced a dilemma and that is either to leave in an orderly way. And that decision, of course, entails risks and I don’t underestimate. I’m actually very clear eyed about the challenges will face. But the alternative is to stay. But then we need to be prepared for a long term, open ended military presence. And most likely we will have to increase the number of NATO troops in Afghanistan to withstand increased Taliban pressure, more violence. And therefore we have consulted very closely over many months how to make this difficult decision. And no one is saying this is easy and no one is saying this is discreet, but we just have to make that decision. And actually I am impressed by the way NATO unless they’ve been able to consult, discuss, assess and then make a decision together. We have been in Afghanistan for 20 years. There are many challenges, many problems, many unsolved challenges still in Afghanistan. But we have achieved a lot. Together with afghans. We have for all these years prevented that Afghanistan is a base where international terrorists can organize plan finance execute terrorist attacks against our own countries. To prevent that. That was the main goal of going. In second, we have to build an afghan security force which now consists of hundreds of thousands of a professional, well trained brave soldiers, uh military personnel which are now in charge of security in their own country. We will continue to support them even though we are ending our military persons on the ground. And thirdly, we are helped the Afghans to make significant economic and political social progress in their own country. So this is a totally different Afghanistan than Afghanistan moved into in 2001. And therefore we also gradually adjusted our presence. So this is actually this is the end of an ongoing process which started sometimes more than a year ago. Uh not so many years ago, we were more than 100,000 NATO troops in Afghanistan. Every combat operation. Now we are roughly 10,000 and mostly trained assistants. First mission. So when we now anyway make the final decision to end our mental presence. That is part of a adjustment which has going on for some time. And again, I’m not saying this easy. I’m not saying it’s risk free but I’m saying that compared to alternative and also based on the U. S. Decision all and I disagreed and therefore they also adopted and agreed to the statement uh which can you state that we will start withdrawal the final withdrawal first domain and then dealt with in a few months. So true from Associated Press. Yes, Robert Burns, Associated Press Secretary Austin both of you and Secretary Blinken mentioned that once the withdrawal of U. S. And coalition forces is complete that there will be a repositioning of counterterrorism forces in the region. And I wonder if you can explain what exactly that means. Um in other words where will they be and what kind of numbers? And can you say Secretary Austin that it’s actually realistic to target uh extremist groups inside the vast expanses of Afghanistan if you’re not actually there. And for Secretary General Stoltenberg will NATO be part of that over the horizon force. And for Secretary Blinken, what sort of diplomatic arrangements will have to be made in order to accomplish that. Thank you. Um Great question. But I think you’ll understand why I won’t get into specific details about where our counterterrorist assets may be positioned. I would tell you that we are beginning the process now of working out details with allies and partners about how are we going to do that and we’ll work those details in the appropriate channels. Um as you know bob we have a range of capabilities that are available to us. Um and the president has been clear that we will not allow our homeland to be attacked, a gang from the spaces of Afghanistan. Um in terms of our ability to acquire targets and engage them in places where we are not actually you’re seeing us do that each and every day and in places around the globe or that be in remote places and in Africa or other places, we have the reach and the ability to in fact do that. And I would just say, working in conjunction with our allies and partners, there’s probably not a space on the globe that the United States and its allies can’t reach. Thanks. Okay. I have very little lad to what Secretary Austin said. Let me just say that more broadly that with regard to other countries in the region, I think one of the the striking things is that while we have many differences with many of them on a number of accounts, there are clearly some shared interests across a number of countries, whether it is Russia, china, India, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and others. And when it comes to Afghanistan, I think there’s a an interest that many of these countries have in not seeing the country to send back into into civil war into into a long war. The risks that could pose to them, including potentially extremism and terrorism directed against them, refugee flows heading in in their direction. Drugs as well. All of those argue that countries will have an interest and also some influence with the parties in in Afghanistan to try to keep things moving in a in a positive, positive direction. Uh huh. As I noted earlier for the last 20 years, these countries have not had to do much because NATO has been there at least providing helping to provide with the Afghans some basic stability. I think countries will now have to look hard at the interests that they have, look hard at the influence they have and decide whether to use that in ways that ensure that Afghanistan is not a source of instability and a source of terrorism extremism. We will continue to provide support to and work with Afghanistan also after the end of arrested support mission. Uh I spoke with President Ghani today and one of the issues we discussed is actually how to develop this new partnership and that will address different things. It’s point about how to make sure that we are able to through its support to our diplomatic presence, diplomatic missions. The political efforts, it’s about continue to provide support to the Afghan security forces. Uh We also have to look into how can we make sure that we uh not jeopardized against were made in the fight against international terrorism. Exactly how we will do that. Exactly what role NATO will will will have is not yet decided. But all of these issues have are on the table and are now discussed among NATO allies and also with Afghanistan. Uh that knows adult of course in our engagement with Afghanistan uh to support the peace efforts fragile, difficult, no guarantee for success. But the only way to lasting peace is also something that NATO NATO NATO hours will be focused on. We welcome the the upcoming Istanbul conference. Uh Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu was there and updated allies on on the preparations for that conference. What NATO can do is to support help assist the afghans. But at the end of the day, it is the Afghans themselves that have to create peace in Afghanistan. So I think one of the main messages from the meeting today is that we will continue to support, will continue to help. But we also, in a way, call of afghans to really make a serious effort to create peace in their own country. And at the end of the day, it’s only Afghans that can create peace in Afghanistan for the last question we go again higher up and it’s on to Hossa from the EPA you agree today that it is essential for NATO to continue delivering support for Ukraine. Secretary Austin and Secretary General Stoltenberg. Can you tell us what kind of additional military support Ukraine can exist expect? And a more general question to Secretary Austin? Why are you stepping up your support for Ukraine while taking a decision that could destroy the young afghan democracy? Thank you. I didn’t hear the last part of your question. Could you say that again? Last part was to secretary brink. And more general question. Um, why are you stepping up your support for Ukraine while taking a decision that could destroy the young afghan democracy? Thank you. First of all, how I can’t support the United States going to brought to Ukraine and then. Yeah, so I think I think you you’ve heard me say earlier that we were providing material support to Ukraine and we’ve been doing that for some time. That includes non lethal materials and some uh some weapons uh and some trainers that we provided in the past to to assist with that. Uh and we would look to continue to do the same types of things going forward based upon their needs. Okay, uh NATO allies provide political and practical support to Ukraine in many different ways. We have over years established and developed a partnership with Ukraine. We help with capacity building with modernizing reforming the defense and security institutions with some training and different NATO allies also provide on the bilateral basis equipment and different kinds of material support. And I encourage NATO allies to step up and to do more. And I also welcome the fact that we also do more within the NATO framework, including for instance, on naval capabilities. Last time I was in and in Ukraine and we said the Naval Academy know that sound their NATO trainers, they’re helping them to modernize and and and and strengthen their their their naval capabilities. So we’re working with Ukraine in many different ways. On top of that. We have also increased our military presence in the Black Sea region, more in general, uh in in Romania, uh with more air policing with more naval presence. So, uh, the support for Ukraine is only one element of uh more NATO presence, partly into partner countries’ Georgia and Ukraine, but also three Littoral states, Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania in the region are stepping up and together. All the NATO allies have increased their presence in the region. And on the, on the last part of your question. Uh I appreciate the question, but I just don’t share its its premise uh at all first. And to reiterate and emphasize something that I think we’ve all said in different ways this evening. Um We’ve been in Afghanistan militarily for 20 years, but to equate support for Afghanistan solely to our military presence and engagement, I think it is wrong. And as we’ve made clear, even as we bring our forces home after 20 years and after they achieved the objective For which they went there to deal with the people who attacked us on 9 11 and to ensure that Afghanistan would not again become a base for terrorism directed against any of our countries. Uh huh Even as we do that, we remain committed to Afghanistan. We remain committed to the diplomatic effort to bring the Afghan parties together to try to find a peaceful settlement to the conflict. We remain committed to assisting the country with development assistance, humanitarian assistance, support for the Afghan national Security forces um and all of that will endure um with regard to Ukraine again, what we’re deeply concerned about what we’re seeing about Russia’s ongoing aggressive actions, rhetoric directed at Ukraine. And as I said, what was striking today was every single ally expressed the same concerns. We’re watching very closely as we we see very credible reports of this Troop build up in occupied Crimea and around Ukraine’s borders that as we said, are now at levels not seen since Russia’s invasion in 2014. So we are right to be concerned about that. We know what happened last time. We’ve also seen uh continued attacks by Russian led forces at the line of contact in eastern Ukraine that at least as of This morning, that resulted in 12 Ukrainian personnel killed since since the last week in March. And meanwhile, Ukraine has demonstrated I think real restraint in the faith, excuse me, of Russian provocations. So that’s why we’re focused on this, that’s why the alliance is concerned and we are united in that concern. Let me just add the 11 point because I do think it’s important um uh with with regard to Russia, um, we uh would prefer a stable and predictable relationship with Russia and that in turn requires open lines of communication to be very clear about our views about our policies, about our objections to Russia’s actions. And that’s also important to avoid miscalculations. And that’s exactly what you saw yesterday with President Biden picking up the phone, calling President Putin and also proposing that they need in the in the weeks ahead. So we are very focused on this, on this challenge. And it’s one that I think is shared across the entire lines. So this concludes this press conference. Thank you. Thank you.